安装编译依赖
# yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
解释这几个依赖包的作用:
1、gcc这个就不多做解释了,就是编译器
2、zlib依赖是因为在安装Python3.5的编译过程中会依赖于系统的zlib,如果不安装编译的时候不加--with-zlib-dir
参数,编译过程中自动安装pip3就会失败,手动模拟情况示例如下:
[root@Labhost1 src]# python3 get-pip.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "get-pip.py", line 20061, in <module>
main()
File "get-pip.py", line 194, in main
bootstrap(tmpdir=tmpdir)
File "get-pip.py", line 82, in bootstrap
import pip
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
3、openssl依赖是因为在安装Python3.5的编译过程中会依赖于ssl模块,如果没有的话编译过程中自动安装pip3就会失败,手动模拟情况示例如下:
[root@Labhost1 src]# python3 get-pip.py
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting pip
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pip
下载包编译安装
# wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tgz
# tar zxf Python-3.5.3.tgz
# cd Python-3.5.3
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ --enable-shared --with-zlib-dir --enable-optimizations
注意: 要设置enable-shared参数, 在wsgi.py 在web server中python 才能在apache或者Nginx运行
执行完成上面操作之后,然后修改Python-3.5.3目录下Modules/Setup文件:
# vim Modules/Setup
把Setup文件207 ~ 210四行内容前端的注释去掉,把:
#SSL=/usr/local/ssl
#_ssl _ssl.c \
# -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
# -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
改为:
SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
改完之后,然后接着编译:
# make
# make install
验证结果
之前以为到这就可以了,其实没有,当我利用pip3
命令安装mysql
模块会报如下错误:
# pip3 install pymysql
/usr/local/bin/python3.5: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.5m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
这个是因为找不到共享库libpython3.5m.so.1.0
, 详情如下:
# ldd /usr/local/bin/python3.5
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffd0bfbf000)
libpython3.5m.so.1.0 => not found
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fece1538000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fece1334000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fece1131000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007fece0f28000)
libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x00007fece0cbc000)
libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x00007fece08d7000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fece0652000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fece02be000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fece175f000)
libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007fece007a000)
libkrb5.so.3 => /lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007fecdfd92000)
libcom_err.so.2 => /lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007fecdfb8e000)
libk5crypto.so.3 => /lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007fecdf962000)
libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x00007fecdf74b000)
libkrb5support.so.0 => /lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007fecdf540000)
libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007fecdf33d000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007fecdf122000)
libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007fecdef03000)
如上可以看到libpython3.5m.so.1.0 => not found
,那如何解决呢,解决过程如下:
# echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.5.conf
# ldconfig
然后再尝试安装包就不会报错了,安装测试结果如下:
# pip3.5 install pymysql
Collecting pymysql
Downloading PyMySQL-0.7.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (78kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 9.8kB/s
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.7.11
总结
为什么要写这篇文章,其实没有什么,就是记录自己安装实践过程中的历程,以后再有这种需求,直接照着博客文章,复制粘贴就好了。
那有人问了,Python不是有多版本管理的一些工具包吗,比如Pyenv、pythonbrew等工具。有这些便利的工具为什么不用?
确实这些工具还是相当不错的,我在做一些实验的使用本地开发用过pyenv,还是非常好用的,但是有时候一些准生产环境和线上,我们软件的版本是有严格的版本控制,不会允许多版本共存,除非有特殊情况,比如Centos6.*的yum命令就是基于Python2.6的,这个就不会动了。
所以作为一个运维我一直信奉:没有最好的,只有最适合自我的,只有适合自我场景、业务的任何情况都是合理的,其他的你给我说的天花乱坠,那我只能当你在扯淡。
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最后编辑时间为: Aug 4, 2020 at 10:00 am